Pitched-Brick Barrel Vaults and Biaxial Cross-Vaults in Egypt’s Western Desert

Digital survey techniques allow for capturing and representing the object’s shape under investigation, managing both the level of detail and the metrological accuracy. In archaeological and architectural research, a reality-based 3D model may support the implementation of geometric and metrological studies. Indeed, the geometric interpretation of the survey data allows the comprehension of the architecture and the development of reconstructive hypotheses of parts or areas that disappeared or are inaccessible. In the same way, metrological studies can support our understanding of the design and construction techniques used on the site, as well as the technical background of the local builders, and thus highlight cultural and technical influences. This method was used to study the Late Roman Fortified Settlement of Umm al-Dabadib, located in the Kharga Oasis (Egypt’s Western Desert), and to broaden the knowledge related to its historical-cultural and architectural evolution. At the centre of the site stands a well-preserved Fort, around which barrel vaults cover mudbrick constructions. Most structures appear to be domestic units spread over 2-3 levels and storages. The research focuses on the analysis of the two different types of vaulted systems identified within the Fortified Settlement: pitched-brick barrel vaults and biaxial cross-vaults. The work aims at understanding and representing these specific constructions. In particular, the discussion shows how geometric/semantic modeling was fundamental to understanding the structure of these peculiar vaulted systems.