Gravity corrections for the updated italian levelling network

The Italian official height system is defined through a high precision levelling network established and maintained by the Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM. During the last 20 years, IGM has performed levelling campaigns on almost the whole peninsular area of Italy with the aim of both densifying the existing network and updating the reference heights. This paper reports about the procedure applied to correct the levelling observations for the gravity effects and the assessment on the results. The needed gravity values were predicted from the Italian gravity dataset (IGD), and both from EGM2008 and XGM2019e high resolution global gravity models. A new formulation of the normal correction as well as the standard orthometric correction were applied. The IGD derived corrections proved to be effective by reducing the misclosure error of critical loops below the tolerance level. Gravity data derived from EGM2008 and XGM2019e proved to be too poor for the correction purposes, as it was also confirmed by a comparison against available observed data, with RMS of the differences, in Alpine ares, ranging between 50 and 100 mGal.