Small Scale Experimental Tests and Simplified Modelling of Horizontal Loading Tests on Embedded Foundations

The paper presents some small-scale 1g experimental tests on a model foundation within a dry sand deposit at different embedment ratios. Horizontal loading paths at constant vertical load have in particular been considered, with specific reference to operational conditions characterized by relatively high values of the static factor of safety with respect to vertical bearing capacity (approximately from 2 to 10), as it often happens for common direct foundations in Civil Engineering applications. An objective definition of the failure points has been proposed, based on the monitoring of displacement increments. The tested conditions could represent a particularly critical condition, since marked coupling effects arise among the different loading components and evident non-linear and geometrical effects dominate the overall mechanical behaviour. The results have been comprehensively interpreted in the light of the macroelement theory by identifying the shape of a possible interaction domain for the system in the V−H load space. A single mechanism plastic-strain hardening model has also been employed and a simple calibration strategy has been adopted. The model has also been validated on some tests, showing a good predicting accuracy.