Sustainable MVDC Railway System Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources and EV Charging Station

In the last years, railway industry experts have been focused on the implementation of the smart grid concept and using renewable energy sources in electric railway systems (ERSs). In this paper, a model of future 9 kV MVDC ERS is proposed using MATLAB software integrating distributed energy sources and EV charging infrastructures. An algorithm is modified to accept real data from a physical railway system and simulate a digital twin (DT) based model. In this context, Rome-Florence high-speed railway line is considered as a real case study. An example modeling on the integration of wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic (PV), and EV charging infrastructures as auxiliary power supply to MVDC railway microgrid is presented with a modified power management system considering regenerative braking energy of trains.