Extending conventional surface roughness ISO parameters using topological data analysis for shot peened surfaces

The roughness of material surfaces is of greatest relevance for applications. These include wear, friction, fatigue, cytocompatibility, or corrosion resistance. Today’s descriptors of the International Organization for Standardization show varying performance in discriminating surface roughness patterns. We introduce here a set of surface parameters which are extracted from the appropriate persistence diagram with enhanced discrimination power. Using the finite element method implemented in Abaqus Explicit 2019, we modelled American Rolling Mill Company pure iron specimens (volume 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.0 mm3) exposed to a shot peening procedure. Surface roughness evaluation after each shot impact and single indents were controlled numerically. Conventional and persistence-based evaluation is implemented in Python code and available as open access supplement. Topological techniques prove helpful in the comparison of different shot peened surface samples. Conventional surface area roughness parameters might struggle in distinguishing different shot peening surface topographies, in particular for coverage values > 69%. Above that range, the calculation of conventional parameters leads to overlapping descriptor values. In contrast, lifetime entropy of persistence diagrams and Betti curves provide novel, discriminative one-dimensional descriptors at all coverage ranges. We compare how conventional parameters and persistence parameters describe surface roughness. Conventional parameters are outperformed. These results highlight how topological techniques might be a promising extension of surface roughness methods.