CANova: A hybrid intrusion detection framework based on automatic signal classification for CAN

Over the years, vehicles have become increasingly complex and an attractive target for malicious adver-saries. This raised the need for effective and efficient Intrusion Detection Systemss (IDSs) for onboard networks able to work with the stringent requirements and the heterogeneity of information transmitted on the Controller Area Network. While state-of-the-art solutions are effective in detecting specific types of anomalies and work on a subset of the CAN signals, no single method can perform better than the oth-ers on all types of attacks, particularly if they need to provide predictions to comply with the domain's real-time constraints. In this paper, we present CANova, a modular framework that exploits the character-istics of the different Controller Area Network (CAN) packets to select the Intrusion Detection Systemss (IDSs) that better fits them. In particular, it uses flow-and payload-based IDSs to analyze the packets' content and arrival time. We evaluate CANova by comparing its performance against state-of-the-art In-trusion Detection Systemss (IDSs) for in-vehicle network and a comprehensive set of synthetic and real attacks in real-world CAN datasets. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve good performances in terms of detection, false positive rates, and temporal performances.