From Huguang to Bashu: Types and Characteristics of Vernacular Courtyard Houses in the Bashu Region from the Perspective of Migration 湖广基型巴蜀衍化——移民视角下巴蜀风土宅院类型与特征

明末清初大规模的“湖广填四川”移民活动对巴蜀地区的建筑产生了巨大影响。文章首先以方言为线索区分巴蜀土著与移民之别，结合历史图像和田野调查找到巴蜀土著风土宅院的原型，并发现移民在巴蜀地区的营建带有原乡风土建筑的特征，据此文章尝试对巴蜀地区的宅院进行分类，认为主要存在三种基型，分别与土著、两湖移民和客家移民相对应；这三种基型的形成及其在巴蜀的衍化过程，反映了不同方言片区建筑文化的相互影响、土著与移民的交流，以及移民对巴蜀地方条件的适应。文章最后以重庆江津陈宅为 例，经过分析发现过廊这一关键空间是由陈氏原乡湘中地区游亭空间衍化而形成的，可作为移民文化对巴蜀地区原有建筑产生影响的有力证据。

The historical migration policy of ‘Huguang tian Sichuan’ (Huguang filling Sichuan) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties (c. 16th–17th centuries) had a significant impact on the architecture of the Bashu region (Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality centred around the Sichuan Basin). This article first distinguishes the geographical distribution of the indigenous Sichuan communities and the migrant communities based on dialect zoning. It then identifies the architectural prototypes of the indigenous vernacular courtyard houses in the Bashu region through historical images, field investigations, and the characteristics of migrant architecture. It reveals that these vernacular dwellings demonstrate distinctive features from their original regions. Upon these research outcomes, the article categorises the vernacular courtyard houses in the Bashu region into three prototypes, related to those built by the indigenous communities, migrant communities from the Lianghu region (Hubei and Hunan provinces), and those from the Hakka areas in the Minyuegan region (Fujian, Guangdong, and Jiangxi provinces), respectively. The emergence of these three prototypes and their evolution in the Bashu region demonstrate the interactions between architectural cultures in different dialect zones, the exchanges between the indigenous and migrant communities, and the migrants’ adaptation to the local conditions. Finally, the article examines the Chen Family Residence in Jiangjin, Chongqing, pointing out that the baoting (embraced pavilion) space in the courtyard, which connects the halls and forms the primary ceremonial space along the central axis, evolved from the youting (pavilion) in central Hunan Province from which the Chen family migrated in the early Qing Dynasty. It is a compelling architectural evidence of the migration activities prompted by the ‘Huguang tian Sichuan’ policy.