Considerations about the static response of masonry domes: a comparison between limit analysis and finite element method

Masonry domes constitute a large part of the international architectural heritage. The issue of its conservation has long been a challenge both for architects and engineers. To limit any problems related to degradation, arising from structural damage or external factors, historical buildings are continuously restored and strengthened. Reliable tools are therefore needed to assess their structural safety. The present work discusses how modern methods can be used to understand ancient structures addressing the comparison between different methods of structural analysis, exploring the range of applications of limit analysis and finite element analysis in the stability assessment of masonry domes, focusing on the pros and cons of each approach. By applying equilibrium approaches and deformation-based models (finite element method), this paper provides two demonstration examples to compare the utility of each of them within a longstanding debate on the most proper way to evaluate traditional structures in masonry.