Smart Charging Algorithm for Flexibility Provision with Electric Vehicle Fleets

The penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) is quickly increasing. On one side, they are welcome to reduce the carbon footprint of the mobility sector. On the other hand, they can have a negative impact on the power system, given the high requested power rates at low or medium voltages. To prevent this, smart charging and vehicle-to-grid algorithms must be elaborated and exploited. In this study, we propose an EV parking garage providing ancillary services on the Italian Balancing Market. The average power withdrawal is estimated based on real world data. The available power for provision of upward and downward tertiary frequency regulation are then computed. A bid on the market is performed via a Balancing Service Provider and a market simulator returns the outcome in terms of acceptance or rejection. The results include the power profiles, the reliability of the garage performance on market and the economics. The savings for energy withdrawn are around 8% of the total cost. The provided flexibility in the daily simulation is up to 5 MW for a parking with 1100 EVs. The reliability of the provision is of 99%. Improvements can include a better modeling of the market and testing different regulatory frameworks.