Retail trade restructuring paths on the fringes of a strong region: the case of lower Lombardy, Italy (2001-2019)

Th e “commercial revolution” driven by the spread of large-scale retail is always spatially diff erentiated. Even within an economically developed region, such as Lombardy, signifi cant diff erences can be seen between territories with regard to the structure and evolution of the distribution network. Th e paper considers the case of Lower Lombardy, a vast rural area which includes 424 municipalities split into 4 provinces (Pavia, Lodi, Cremona and Mantua). An eccentric outlook is adopted compared to trade geography studies, which are usually focused on large urban areas, overlooking what occurs in peripheral contexts. Th e restructuring of the distribution network between 2001 and 2019 is investigated, highlighting how the municipalities of the southern part of Lombardy witnessed diff erent evolutionary trajectories in relation to their demographic size and their position in the urban network. Th e image of trade decline, oft en associated with rural areas, is too simplistic and conceals diff erent processes, which restructure the relationships internal to those areas. Th e paper also highlights a concerning process of weakening of the proximity commercial supply: are we moving towards the formation of food deserts?