Binary Fingerprinting-Based Positioning Systems with Uncertainty Regions

A great variety of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) have been developed with different technologies and algorithms. In the context of fingerprinting (FP) applications, the reduction of quantization levels in the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) till to its binary representation has been recently proposed for addressing one of the common drawbacks of FP, i.e. the large data size and consequently the large search space and computational load. In this paper, the binary fingerprinting technique is completed by the use of guard or uncertainty regions on the edges between the zones in which the area of interest is partitioned. This simple solution is shown to be effective for recovering the performance gap between binary fingerprinting and fingerprinting with full complexity. In addition, we introduce also an alternative design of the cells in the area of interest in order to address better the errors due to fluctuations of the RSSI measure in a real deployment.