Price based optimization for electrical vehicle charging scheduling

A price-based model to control electric vehicles is proposed to schedule the charging decision process. This approach can be used as price planner for fleet operators in indirect methods for charging management. The Electrical Vehicle aggregator has the capability to buy energy in the wholesale electricity market and sell it to its customers. The fleet operator objective is to design dynamic prices for consumers with the aim of maximizing profits. A bilevel optimization problem is posed to depict the game between the involved agents. Extensive simulations are employed to assess the model performance, comparing the solution with a fixed pricing model. It is shown that the proposed price-based scheme is the most effective in achieving load shifting and maximizing aggregator profit.