A locally resolved investigation on direct methanol fuel cell uneven components fading: Steady state and degradation local analysis

DMFC technology widespread commercialization is still hindered by durability issues. In literature, locally resolved measurements and post-mortem analyses reveal the onset of strong heterogeneous components fading, higher at air outlet region. Local aging mechanisms could be enhanced by DMFC cathode cycling operation in highly uneven presence of water. An innovative PEM macro-Segmented Fuel Cell (mSFC) setup has been developed to investigate DMFC local performance and degradation, coupling electrochemical and ex-situ analyses as TEM and XPS. An MEA based on highly graphitized carbon supported cathode electrode, confirmed in AST to be stable to cycling operation under flooded conditions, has been implemented in DMFC operation. 500 h local degradation test, despite 32% heterogenenous current density distribution, reveals homogeneous ECSA loss, consistent with homogeneous nanoparticles growth from 3.16 to 5.4 nm, which leads to 70% lower degradation rate (31.2 μV h−1) than the reference MEA. Water-related limitations, such as dehydration and flooding, are revealed to increase local performance loss by 25% and 100% respectively at cathode inlet and outlet regions, leading to current redistribution and uneven voltage loss. Hence, local optimization of MEA properties is foreseen to permit further important durability improvements.