Where design meets construction: a review of bending active structures

Considerable gaps and discontinuities can arise between the design and the construction of bending active structures. Computational techniques are increasingly widespread in the conceptual design stage with a high degree of precision; even though, they are less commonly used in the manufacturing and construction process, where they exhibit higher inaccuracies. This discrepancy can either introduce redundant structural elements or develop highly demanding construction methods. This paper presents a literature review over a selection of recently built bending active structures, focusing on how information flows from conceptual design to manufacturing, construction and operational life. Selected projects, organized in a multi-criteria matrix, are analyzed according to their generative approach, structural efficiency, manufacturing processes, installation kits and construction methods. The critical analysis of case studies is intended to investigate how construction is influenced by fabrication techniques, focusing on the role of advanced design and manufacturing, as well as the artisanal workforce. The work presented offers the opportunity to explore how and when creativity and innovation are generated in the information flow between the different actors (i.e. architects, engineers, manufacturers, builders) involved in the project development of bending active structures. It also inspires speculations upon potential applications of flexible construction responding to multiple uses over time.