An Incremental Change Detection Test Based on Density Difference Estimation

We propose incremental least squares density difference (LSDD) change detection method, an incremental test to detect changes in stationarity based on the difference between the unknown prechange and the post-change probability density functions (pdfs). The method is computationally light and, hence, adequate to process continuous datastreams, as those emerging from the Internet of Things and the big data framework. The incremental change detection test operates on two nonoverlapping data windows to estimate the LSDD between the two pdfs. We construct a theoretical framework that shows how the distribution of LSDD values follows a linear combination of χ 2 distributions and provides thresholds to control false positive rates. The proposed test can operate online, with needed estimates and thresholds computed incrementally as fresh samples come. Comprehensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the test both in detecting abrupt and drift types of changes.