Cities are responsible for the predominant share of anthropogenic environmental pressures. Recently, consistent methodologies to measure the metabolism of cities have been developed in order to enhance comparability between case studies and enable cross-city comparisons at the macro-scale. This comparison illustrated potential factors and drivers explaining macro-scale differences between cities. However, such studies rely on very few data points and look at cities as homogenous entities omitting their complex functioning. When looking at the relationships between urban characteristics and metabolic flows at smaller spatial scales, drivers appear to be different than in macroscopic analyses, pointing towards the importance of taking microscale urban heterogeneity into account. The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of these effects by analyzing the relationship between energy use and various urban indicators at a microscale level for ten cities (Brussels, Buenos Aires, Cape Town, Chicago, Glasgow, London, Los Angeles, Milan, New York City and San Francisco).
Le città sono responsabili della quota predominante delle pressioni ambientali antropogeniche. Recentemente, sono state sviluppate metodologie coerenti per misurare il metabolismo delle città al fine di migliorare la comparabilità tra studi di casi e consentire confronti tra città su scala macroscopica. Questo confronto ha illustrato i fattori potenziali e i driver che spiegano le differenze macro-scala tra le città. Tuttavia, tali studi si basano su pochissimi punti di dati e considerano le città come entità omogenee che omettono il loro complesso funzionamento. Quando si esaminano le relazioni tra caratteristiche urbane e flussi metabolici a scale spaziali più piccole, i conducenti sembrano essere diversi rispetto alle analisi macroscopiche, evidenziando l'importanza di prendere in considerazione l'eterogeneità della microscala urbana. Lo scopo di questo articolo è quello di migliorare la nostra comprensione di questi effetti analizzando la relazione tra consumo energetico e vari indicatori urbani a livello di microscala per dieci città (Bruxelles, Buenos Aires, Città del Capo, Chicago, Glasgow, Londra, Los Angeles, Milano , New York City e San Francisco).
Exploring the energy use drivers of 10 cities at microscale level
Fernandez, G;
2017-01-01
Abstract
Cities are responsible for the predominant share of anthropogenic environmental pressures. Recently, consistent methodologies to measure the metabolism of cities have been developed in order to enhance comparability between case studies and enable cross-city comparisons at the macro-scale. This comparison illustrated potential factors and drivers explaining macro-scale differences between cities. However, such studies rely on very few data points and look at cities as homogenous entities omitting their complex functioning. When looking at the relationships between urban characteristics and metabolic flows at smaller spatial scales, drivers appear to be different than in macroscopic analyses, pointing towards the importance of taking microscale urban heterogeneity into account. The aim of this paper is to improve our understanding of these effects by analyzing the relationship between energy use and various urban indicators at a microscale level for ten cities (Brussels, Buenos Aires, Cape Town, Chicago, Glasgow, London, Los Angeles, Milan, New York City and San Francisco).File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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