CFD study of Savonius wind turbine: 3D model validation and parametric analysis

A CFD study is conducted in order to characterize the dynamic behavior of a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine. All simulations are executed using the open source code, OpenFOAM. Both two-dimensional and full three-dimensional cases have been investigated in order to provide a suitable tool for geometrical optimization of this rotor. Unsteady simulations are carried out at different tip speed ratio (TSR), varying angular speed of rotor at constant wind speed, using different one and two-equation URANS turbulence models and selecting the k−ω SST for the final analysis. The two-dimensional model was compared with experimental data available in literature and obtained from tests in wind tunnel. This simplified model shows an over-estimation of experimental data, reporting a maximum efficiency at TSR 1, 20% higher than experimental value. The results of 3D model are in good agreement with experiments with a peak of 0.202 at TSR 0.8 for a rotor with aspect ratio 1.1. The influence of the rotor height has been evaluated on flow dynamics of the turbine and its power coefficient.