Extraction of Acoustic Sources through the Processing of Sound Field Maps in the Ray Space

Our goal is to develop a model-based approach to acoustic source extraction from microphone array data, which is suitable for both near field and far field sources. A signal representation based on Plane Wave (PW) decomposition is suitable for acoustic sources in the far field as the resulting spectrum turns out to be impulsive. When the source approaches the array, however, the curvature of the wavefront causes the spectrum of the PW components to depart from impulsive behavior, thus making source extraction harder to attain. In this work we adopt a sound field representation based on the local estimation of the plenacoustic function along the array line. This approach consists of dividing the array into sub-arrays, and applying PW analysis on individual subarrays. This has the immediate result of extending the range of validity of the farfield hypothesis, as a source that enters the near-field range of the extended array is still in the far-field range of the sub-arrays. PW analysis on sub-arrays allows us to construct the so-called sound field map in a domain of acoustic visibility called ray space. The extraction of the desired source is accomplished through spatial filtering of the sound field map. The design of the spatial filter relies on a Linear Minimum Mean Square Error criterion defined on the sound field map. The effectiveness of proposed methodology is proven through an extensive simulation campaign as well as real experiments.