A solid phantom recipe and exploration for biophotonics applications: A step to produce standardized tissue phantoms

A well-characterized broadband (600-1100 nm) phantom recipe was presented to manufacture tissue-mimicking optical phantoms over a wider range of optical properties (absorption 0.1-1 cm-1, reduced scattering 5-25 cm-1) relevant to human organs. The recipe was well tested over broadband (600-1100 nm) range for linearity, reproducibility, homogeneity yielding a robust 4 % coefficient of variation (CV). Finally, we show various applications of the recipe to create standardized matrix phantoms and simply heterogeneous phantoms and anthropomorphic phantoms. The recipe could be exploited to characterize and calibrate the diffuse optical systems and explored for standardization and validation of technologies in Biophotonics.